Trade Openness and CO2 Emissions in Iran, 1971-2008

trade openness and co2 emissions in iran, 1971-2008

the increase of greenhouse gases (ghg) in which co2 emissions constitute the principal component, is of major environmental problems of all societies. economic growth impels intensive use of resources and as a result, more residues and wastes thrown in the nature that could lead to environmental degradation. this article tries to trace the eventual relationship between trade openness and enviro...

ICT, openness and CO2 emissions in Africa.

This study investigates how information and communication technology (ICT) complements globalisation in order to influence CO2 emissions in 44 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000-2012. ICT is measured with internet penetration and mobile phone penetration whereas globalisation is designated in terms of trade and financial openness. The empirical evidence is based on the generalis...

The Effects of Economic, Financial and Political Developments on Iran’s CO2 Emissions

This study examines dynamic interrelationships and causality relationships among CO2 emissions, economic, political and financial variables over the period of 1971-2011 for the case of Iran as one of the top CO2 emitting countries in the world. The results of ARDL and Johansen cointegration approaches confirm the existence of long run relationship among CO2 emissions, energy consumption, GDP, f...

Trade Openness And Economic Growth In Iran, And Some OPEC Nations

Trade openness, capital openness and government size

This paper provides empirical evidence of the relation between trade openness, capital openness and government expenditures in a cross-sectional time-series context. It is shown that capital openness is significantly and negatively related to government expenditures in line with the conventional wisdom that capital mobility may undermine the ability of governments to maintain larger public sect...

Will Economic Restructuring in China Reduce Trade-Embodied CO2 Emissions?

We calculate CO2 emissions embodied in China’s net exports using a multi-regional input-output database. We find that the majority of China’s export-embodied CO2 is associated with production of machinery and equipment rather than energy-intensive products, such as steel and aluminum. In 2007, the largest net recipients of embodied CO2 emissions from China include the EU (360 million metric ton...